Where are large igneous provinces?
Where are large igneous provinces?
Examples
| Province | Region | Area (million km2) |
|---|---|---|
| Ontong-Java Plateau | Pacific Ocean | 1.86 |
| High Arctic Large Igneous Province | Svalbard, Franz Josef Land, Sverdrup Basin, Amerasian Basin, and northern Greenland | > 1.0 |
| Paraná and Etendeka traps | Brazil, Namibia | 1.5 |
| Karoo-Ferrar Province | South Africa, Antarctica, Australia, and New Zealand | 0.15–2 |
Why are large igneous provinces important?
Large Igneous Provinces. Plate tectonic theory has provided a breakthrough in understanding how the continuous opening and closing of ocean basins reflects convection in the Earthís upper mantle. Among the terrestrial planets and moons of our solar system, however, global plate tectonics may well be unique to Earth.
What igneous rock is associated with Columbia River igneous province?
Flood Basalt Province
Geologic background. The Columbia River Flood Basalt Province (CRB; Fig. 1) is the youngest and one of the most well-studied LIPs in the world, and consists of as much as 210,000 km3 of basalt and perhaps 10,000 km3 of coeval rhyolites11,12,13,14.
What defines a large igneous province?
Large igneous provinces (LIPs) are massive crustal emplacements of predominantly iron- and magnesium-rich (mafic) rock that form by processes other than normal seafloor spreading; they are the dominant form of near-surface magmatism on the terrestrial planets and moons of our solar system.
Is Yellowstone a large igneous province?
Yellowstone Park in the United States is actually a volcano caldera, a thin cork of earth that sits on top of a massive cache of broiling magma. Even more frightening is the prospect that another kind of super volcano, called a large igneous province (LIP), could become active sometime in the future.
What is a continental flood basalt province?
Continental Flood Basalts (CFBs) CFBs and volcanic rifted margins represent the classic expression of LIPs emplaced into a continental setting. CFBs consist of typically basaltic volcanic sequences that are typically up to several kilometers thick and are dominated by fissure-fed compound flows.
What is an example of an igneous rock?
There are two basic types: 1) intrusive igneous rocks such as diorite, gabbro, granite and pegmatite that solidify below the Earth’s surface; and 2) extrusive igneous rocks such as andesite, basalt, obsidian, pumice, rhyolite and scoria that solidify on or above the Earth’s surface.
Is Hawaii a large igneous province?
Although not a Large Igneous Province (LIP) according to current definitions, Hawai’i has always been considered part of the LIP-related family of intraplate magmatism (e.g., Coffin and Eldholm, 1994; Bryan and Ernst, 2008; Ernst 2014).
Is Iceland a large igneous province?
The North Atlantic Igneous Province (NAIP) is a large igneous province in the North Atlantic, centered on Iceland.
What is the largest flood basalt?
Continental flood basalts with volumes of ≥106 km3 are the largest known outpourings of basaltic magma and recent studies suggest that the eruptions are sudden, short-lived events, where the entire volume of the lava is erupted in a series of huge flows over a period of a few hundred thousand to perhaps a couple of …
Do flood basalts have high viscosity?
Plateau or Flood basalts are extremely large volume outpourings of low viscosity basaltic magma from fissure vents. The basalts spread huge areas of relatively low slope and build up plateaus.
Are there any silicic large igneous provinces on Earth?
Scott E. Bryan, Luca Ferrari; Large igneous provinces and silicic large igneous provinces: Progress in our understanding over the last 25 years. GSA Bulletin 2013;; 125 (7-8): 1053–1078. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/B30820.1 Large igneous provinces are exceptional intraplate igneous events throughout Earth’s history.
How often does a large igneous province occur?
Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) represent dramatic magmatic events of large volume and short duration. They punctuate Earth’s history on average every 20 My (continental LIPs) or probably every 10 My (combined continental and oceanic LIPs).
What are the igneous provinces of our Solar System?
Large igneous provinces (LIPs) are massive crustal emplacements of predominantly iron- and magnesium-rich (mafic) rock that form by processes other than normal seafloor spreading; they are the dominant form of near-surface magmatism on the terrestrial planets and moons of our solar system.
Which is an igneous province related to the mantle?
This discussion does not include subduction-related igneous provinces as LIPs. Only those provinces that appear to be directly (plume melts) or indirectly (lower crustal melts in which the heat source is probably a mantle plume) related to mantle plumes are considered to be LIPs (Bryan & Ernst, 2008) ( Figure 3.7).